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β－淀粉样蛋白是老年斑的主要成分。为探讨其在老年性痴呆患者基底前脑胆碱能神经元选择性溃变中的作用，运用ＭＴＴ自动比色微量分析法、胆碱酯酶组织化学染色及细胞形态学分析方法，研究“老化”的淀粉样蛋白片段３１～３５对体外培养的海马和隔区神经元的作用。结果表明：培养４８ｈ，淀粉样蛋白对海马神经元有毒性作用，减少神经元的存活，呈剂量依赖关系。培养１４ｄ，淀粉样蛋白减少了胆碱能神经元的存活率，抑制突起的延伸，促使神经元胞体和近侧突起的分支增加。表明淀粉样蛋白对隔区胆碱能神经元具有减少存活、抑制突起延伸和促进突起不正常生长的毒性作用。
Beta-amyloid is the major component of senile plaques. In order to explore its role in the selective degeneration of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain in patients with senile dementia, MTT auto-colorimetric microanalysis, cholinesterase histochemical staining and cell morphological analysis were used to study the effects of "aging The effect of amyloid fragment 31-35 on cultured hippocampal and septal neurons in vitro. The results showed that: after cultured for 48h, amyloid had a toxic effect on neurons and decreased the survival of neurons in a dose-dependent manner. After cultured for 14 days, amyloid decreased the survival rate of cholinergic neurons, inhibited the extension of protuberances and promoted the branching of neurons somatic cells and proximal protuberances. The results showed that amyloid had a toxic effect on the septal cholinergic neurons to reduce the survival, inhibit the extension of the protrusions and promote the abnormal growth of the protrusions.