在粮食作物中占重要地位的水稻、大小麦、玉米等谷类作物,都属于禾本科植物.这些作物之中,特别是小麦,在其起源和进化上,属间、种间杂种起着很大的作用.所以拟先叙述一下小麦的起源,理解小麦属间、种间杂种的意义,然后谈谈通过属间、种间杂种选育新的作物和品种的迄今为止的情况和今后的问题. 小麦属(Triticum)的近缘植物中,有山羊草属(Aegilops)、冰草属(Agropyrum)、“哈那尔合”属(Haynaldia)及黑麦属 Grains, such as rice, wheat, corn and corn, which are important in food crops, belong to graminaceous plants, and among these crops, especially wheat, their genesis and evolution are intergeneric and interspecific hybrids. Therefore, we will first describe the origin of wheat, understand the significance of interspecific and interspecific hybrids, and then talk about the past and future problems of breeding new crops and varieties through interspecific and interspecific hybrids. Among the relatives of Triticum are Aegilops, Agropyrum, Haynaldia,