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目的 研究单侧后牙反(牙合)对髁突形态及关节间隙的影响,为反(牙合)病人的诊断和治疗提供更全面的理论依据.方法 34例无颞下颌关节骨关节病的单侧后牙反(牙合)患者作为实验组,其中男7例,女27例,年龄12～40岁;25例无反(牙合)患者作为对照组,其中男5例,女20例,年龄12～30岁.测量其锥体束CT(cone beam computer tomography,CBCT)图像中关节前、上、后间隙及髁突长轴径与髁突短轴径.对所得数据进行统计学分析,符合正态性的数据采用独立样本t检验,不符合正态分布的数据采用两独立样本秩和检验,计数资料采用卡方检验,检验标准为双侧α=0.05.结果 反(牙合)患者的髁突相对于对照组关节间隙和髁突形态均发生改变,反(牙合)患者的非反(牙合)侧髁突短轴平均长度为7.19 mm,较正常患者7.73 mm偏小(P=0.047);反(牙合)侧髁突后间隙平均距离为1.99 mm,较正常患者1.81 mm偏大(P=0.021).结论 单侧后牙反(牙合)可能会对髁突位置和形态产生一定影响,对于这一类病人应尽早开始治疗并在治疗时密切关注关节状况.“,”Objective To evaluate the influences of unilateral posterior cross-bite on the symmetry of condyle and the incidence of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) osteoarthrosis and provide guidance for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.Methods 34 Unilateral cross-bite patients (27 females and 7 males;age range,12-40) are selected as the experimental group,meanwhile,25 noncross-bite patients (20 females and 5 males;age range,12-30)are chosen as the control group.Joint space,anteroposterior diameter and mesial-lateral diameter are measured to describe the position and morphology with the same imaging system.Independent-Samples T Test is applied to the data which fits normal distribution.While Two Samples Rank Sum Test is used for the data which dose not fit normal distribution.As for the enumeration data,chi-square test is adopted.The level of significance (α) is set as 0.05.Results Differences are found between the experimental group and the control group.Compared with the controls,condyle length in sagittal plane is smaller in noncrossbite side (7.19 mm/7.73 mm,P=0.047) and posterior joint space is larger in crossbite side (1.99 mm/1.81 mm,P=0.021).Conclusions Unilateral cross-bite will affect the morphology and symmetry of condyle.For the patients with unilateral cross-bite,orthodontic treatment is necessary,and condyle conditions should be concerned during the treatment process.