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人体词语意义具有显著的隐喻系统性,包括两方面的系统隐喻,一是针对外界事物的整体系统隐喻,二是针对人体部位的部分系统隐喻。人将其身体与世界同构,使人体词语语义呈现隐喻系统性特征,只是出于认知方便需要,为维护其尊严和服务其自身利益,人使用隐喻制动——人本主义驱动原则,将自己和动物严格区分。因此,(人体)词语的意义由两部分构成:等同于(身体)构件的认知隐喻义和人本主义原则驱动下的意义——社会意义。在进行对外汉语词汇教学和面向外族汉语学习者的汉英词典释义时,应该重视词义的隐喻构建机制研究,同时关注和分析词汇(词条)的人本、民族或者地域的心理向力以及社会文化等多方面信息,充分揭示词义因子,把握词义本质,切实做到译义等值。
The meaning of human words has significant metaphorical system, including two aspects of system metaphor, one is the overall system metaphor for the outside world, and the other is the partial system metaphor for human body parts. Human is the same body with the world, the human semantic meaning of the words appear metaphorical systematic features, but for the sake of cognitive convenience, in order to maintain their dignity and serve their own interests, people use metaphorical braking - the principle of human-driven, Strict distinction between ourselves and animals. Therefore, the meaning of the (human body) word is composed of two parts: the meaning of social metaphor and humanistic principle that is equivalent to the (body) component - the social meaning. In the process of Chinese vocabulary teaching for foreigners and interpretation of Chinese-English dictionaries for foreigners, we should pay more attention to the study of metaphor construction of lexical meaning. At the same time, we should pay attention to and analyze the psychological force of people, nation or region in vocabulary (entry) Culture and many other aspects of information, fully reveal the word meaning factor, seize the essence of meaning, earnestly achieve the equivalent of translation.