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【目的】研究高寒水稻产量构成和株型特征的关系,明确精确定量栽培对高寒水稻增产的机理。【方法】以当地品种传统粳稻品种大白谷和新品种丽粳10号为试验材料,对抽穗期不同株型特征指标与产量及产量构成的相关分析,研究高海拔地区水稻生长发育特性及其生理生态特点,探讨高寒生态区水稻增产的主攻目标,以精确定量栽培和常规栽培相比较,分析精确定量栽培对高寒生态区水稻株型和产量的影响。【结果】不同产量群体之间株型方面以及有效穗、颖花量等产量构成因子方面都存在着差异,高产群体的显著特征是植株上部三叶叶长较长;上部三叶叶角较小;抽穗期叶片的比叶重大,且与叶片、茎秆及穗部性状关系密切;茎秆各节间配置合理,基部节间短,穗下节间较长;一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和产量呈显著正相关。【结论】扩库(增加总颖花量)和强源(增加抽穗后LAI,提高比叶重)均可提高高寒生态区水稻产量,水稻精确定量栽培的氮肥运筹、水分管理方面与高产水稻器官建成同步,提高叶面积指数的同时,促进总颖花量的增长,可显著地提高该生态区水稻的产量。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the relationship between yield components and plant type traits in alpine rice and to clarify the mechanism of precise and quantitative cultivation on the yield increase of alpine rice. 【Method】 Based on the correlation analysis between the characteristics of different plant types at heading stage and the yield and yield components of the traditional japonica rice variety “Dajingu” and “Lijing 10”, the study was to investigate the characteristics of growth and development of rice and its physiology Ecological characteristics of the alpine ecological zone to explore the main target of rice yield, precision quantitative and conventional cultivation compared to analyze the exact quantitative cultivation of alpine ecological zone rice plant type and yield impact. 【Result】 The results showed that there were differences in plant type, effective panicles and spikelets yield among different yield populations. The high yielding population was characterized by longer leaves of the upper leaves and longer leaves of the upper leaves. ; Leaf specific leaf weight at heading stage, and leaves, stems and ear traits closely related; stalks rational allocation of each section, the base of the internode short, spike internodes longer; primary branch number, secondary branch number There was a significant positive correlation between yield and yield. 【Conclusion】 Expanding (increasing the total spikelet yield) and strong source (increasing LAI after heading and increasing specific leaf weight) all can increase the rice yield in the alpine ecoregion. The nitrogen management, water management and high yield rice organs When synchronization is established and leaf area index is increased, the increase of total spikelet yield can significantly increase the yield of rice in the ecological zone.