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典型的水冷发动机工作时，其冷却系统引导冷却液流经发动机和其他部件以吸收热量，然后又将热冷却液送至散热器内冷却。冷却系统中冷却液的热量传至大气中的速度可直接影响发动机的温度。影响散热器传热速率的诸多因素中，有一个重要的因素是，散热器内冷却液的温度与周围大气?
While a typical water-cooled engine is operating, its cooling system directs the coolant through the engine and other components to absorb the heat, which in turn sends the hot coolant to the radiator for cooling. The speed at which the coolant’s heat in the cooling system reaches the atmosphere can have a direct effect on the temperature of the engine. One of the most important factors that affect the heat transfer rate of a radiator is the temperature of the coolant in the radiator and the surrounding atmosphere.