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本文探讨的是中国宗教文化中的各种入世模式(modes of engagement)。全文分为四个部分。首先,作者将考察现代世俗化国家如何规定宗教入世的诸项条件。其次,以陕北一个村级民俗宗教庙宇作为宗教入世的案例,以说明在中华人民共和国宗教政策下民俗宗教有为了脱离“迷信”嫌疑而积极入世的倾向。再次,作者将引入“宗教主体化”(religious subjectification)概念,来剖析宗教用何种方式“询唤”(interpellate)个人成为宗教主体,并致力于在广泛的意义上让宗教理念与行为指导他们的生活与生命,从而超越现代世俗化国家为宗教划定的狭窄范围。最后,作者将介绍中国传统“惜字纸”的习俗,作为另一种宗教入世的案例。这种宗教入世强调构建“善之公众”或“善世”(a good public),而非仅仅提供“公共之善”或做“善事”(public goods)。作者认为,这种道德教化的冲动是中国宗教历史上最强烈的驱使宗教入世动力之一。同样,正是某些宗教这种道德教化的冲动、这种造就“善之公众”的潜力,使得好像在应该已经世俗化了的世界中本该循规蹈矩、安分一隅的宗教,反而时而会冲击束缚它们的国家有关“宗教分内事应是什么”的定义。
This article explores modes of engagement in China’s religious culture. The full text is divided into four parts. First, the author examines how the modern secular state prescribes the conditions under which religion can enter the WTO. Secondly, taking a village folk religious temple in northern Shaanxi as a case of religion joining the WTO to illustrate the propensity of folklore to actively enter the WTO in order to be free from the “superstition” suspicion under the religious policy of the People’s Republic of China. Third, the author will introduce the notion of “religious subjectification” to analyze the ways in which religions “interpellate” individuals into religious subjects and devote themselves to bringing religious ideas in a broad sense And behavior guide their lives and lives, and thus transcend the narrow scope of religion delineated by modern secularized nations. Finally, the author will introduce the Chinese tradition of “paper”, as another case of religious accession to the WTO. This religious accession to the WTO emphasizes the construction of “a good public” or “a good public” rather than merely providing “good of the public” or “public goods.” The author believes that this impulse of ethical education is one of the strongest motivations for religion to join the WTO in the history of religions in China. In the same vein, it is the impulse of moral education of certain religions that the potential of creating a “good public” makes it seem as if religion, which is supposed to follow the rules and settle peacefully in a world that should have been secularized, The countries that the shocks bind them have a definition of “what should be the religious subdivision”.