在人类癌症研究中有两项主要新进展,即①检测了假定的人类癌基因;②描述了可能使癌基因表达的肿瘤特异的染色体畸变。本文讨论在人类视网膜母细胞瘤的发生中,在其视网膜瘤座位上有二倍的“抑制”等位基因的染色体证据。定位于13q14的二倍的视网膜母细胞瘤基因(野生型等位基因Rb~+/Rb~+)明显地起作用,其作用方式基本上不同于由人类癌基因产生肿瘤的假定机理。对于Rb基因来说,它可能表现为功能丧失 There are two major new developments in human cancer research, namely the detection of presumed human oncogenes and the description of tumor-specific chromosomal aberrations that may cause oncogene expression. This article discusses chromosomal evidence of a two-fold “inhibition” allele in the retinoblastoma locus in the development of human retinoblastoma. The doubled retinoblastoma gene (wild-type allele Rb~+/Rb~+) localized to 13q14 works significantly, and its mode of action is fundamentally different from the putative mechanism of tumor production by human oncogenes. For the Rb gene, it may appear as a loss of function