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任意性与理据性的辩证关系贯穿包括原生词和继生词在内的古今语言研究。原生词理据不断湮没,终致难以考求,人们据此认为语言具有任意性。继生词的隐喻语义特别是内部形式的诞生,促使许多词语的理据被认知和考证,人们因而说语言也有可论证性。本研究则认为,具备内部形式的继生词在省力原理支配下,回缩为貌似原生词的意义支点词,理据再次被腐蚀;然而原生词到继生词再到貌似原生词的意义支点词的变化表明:词语通过无休止的往返性运动,不断从外界吸取负熵,语言遂成为任意性和理据性共同支配的自组织体,从而沿着健康有序的方向演化前进。这一结论完全契合于索绪尔百年前的断言:在同一种语言内部,整个演变运动的标志可能就是论证性到任意性和任意性到论证性的持续过渡。
The dialectical relationship between arbitrariness and motivation runs through ancient and modern linguistic studies, including the original words and the following words. Primitive arguments continue to annihilate, and ultimately make it difficult to ask people to think that language is arbitrary. The metaphorical semantics of the following words, especially the birth of internal forms, have led to the recognition and verification of the motivation of many words, and hence the fact that people speak the language as well. This study argues that with the internal form of the second life word under the control of labor-saving principle, retracted to the meaning of the original word meaning fulcrum, motivation is once again corroded; however, the original word to the second life to seemingly new words meaning fulcrum changes It shows that through endless reciprocating movements, words continuously draw negative entropy from the outside world, and language has become a self-organization dominated by arbitrariness and motivation, and thus evolves in a healthy and orderly direction. This conclusion fits perfectly with Saussure’s assertion of a hundred years ago that within the same language the sign of the entire evolutionary movement may be a continuing transition from argument to arbitrariness and arbitrariness.