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时态一直是高考考查的重点、热点。纵观历年考卷，不难看出有如下三个特点：
一是在高考命题中始终注重对时态的考查；
二是考查应变能力，不断变换新的语境；
三是考点有回归之势，以突出中学英语中主要的而且是常用的时态现象。
结合这三个特点，现将高考英语常用时态中的命题热点归纳如下。
一、时态热点
一）. 一般现在时
①某些表示起始、移动意义的动词，在口语中可以用一般现在时表示按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作。这类动词主要有：begin, start, go, come, leave, return, arrive, open, end, take off等。
例School begins the day after tomorrow.
②在see (to it)/make certain/make sure + that-clause句型结构中，其后的从句可以用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
例I’ll see(to it)/make sure/make certain (that) you don’t get lost.
③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
例 The man will have to wait all day unless the doctor works faster.
【高考链接】
1． It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment. (2004上海春考卷)
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
2． The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____ to eat more fruit and vitamins.(2004上海卷)
A. persuade B. will persuade
C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
3．---When will you come to see me, Dad?
---I will go to see you when you _____ the training course. (2003北京春考卷)
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. are finishing D. finish
keyC D D
二）. 现在进行时
①某些表示运动或位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示一般将来时。这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, dine, close, work, sleep, stay, take, play, do, have, wear等。
例 A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon.
【高考链接】
1. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (2004浙江卷)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
2. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2001北京春考卷)
A. am taking B. have taken
C. take D. will have taken
keyC A
②表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话的时候不一定正在进行；也可以表示某一动作的暂时性。
例I teach English at the Teachers’ College, but I’m now teaching in a middle school.
【高考链接】
1.I don’t really work here, I _____ until the new secretary arrives. （2001上海卷）
A. just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
2.---What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbors _____ for a party. (2004北京卷)
A. have prepared
B. are preparing
C. prepare
D. will prepare
keyC B
三）. 一般过去时
①可以用在It’s time/I wish/I’d rather + that-clause句型中,以及某些条件句中表示虚拟，这些句型描述的情况往往与现在事实相反。
例I wish you lived closer to us.
【高考链接】
How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (2001上海春考卷)
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
keyB
②可以根据上下文的语境要求，使用一般过去时。
例---Long time to see！Haven’t you graduated from college?
---Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.
【高考链接】
1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m _____ half of it. (2004全国卷I)
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
2. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (2004江苏卷)
A. begin B. began
C. have begun D. had begun
keyDB
③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
例 The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
四）. 过去进行时
①表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有：leave, start, arrive, go, come等
例 Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next Saturday.
【高考链接】
---What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower.(2004天津卷)
A. had started B. started
C. have started D. was starting
key D
②句子中没有明确的时间状语，但上下文语境要求使用过去进行时。
例The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.
【高考链接】
1.---Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
---Where was I?
---Youyou didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春季卷)
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
2.---You were out when I dropped in at your house.
---Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004福建卷)
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
keyC A
五）. 过去完成时
①某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think， intend, mean,want等。
例We had wanted to help you, but we were too busy to get away.
【高考链接】
I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy.(2004北京春考卷)
A. wouldn’t expect
B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected
D. wasn’t expected
keyC
②if, as if, if only, would rather, wish等引导的从句表示与过去事实相反时，从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时表示虚拟的情况。
例If he had got up earlier this morning, he would have caught the first train.
【高考链接】
1． Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. (2003上海春考卷)
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
2． It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海卷)
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
KeyC B
③在 hardly(scarcely)…when…, no sooner…than…句型结构中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。
例Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
【高考链接】
He _____ to the lab than he set out to the experiment. (1999上海卷)
A. has so sooner got
B. no sooner got
C. will no sooner get
D. had no sooner got
keyD
六）. 将来完成时
这种时态主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by-短语，如：by six o’clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。
【高考链接】
The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006. (2004北京卷)
A. has been completed
B. has completed
C. will have been completed
D. will have completed
keyC
七）. 完成时态
在It is the first (second, etc.)time + that-clause 句型中的用法:当主句动词为 is/will be 时,从句谓语动词一律用现在完成时;当主句谓语动词为was时,从句谓语动词则用过去完成时。
例It was the second time I had been to Beijing.
二、几种易混时态的区别
一）. 一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
①在宾语从句中：当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时，但其意义具有明显差别。
试比较 He told us he was a doctor.(说话时仍为医生)
He told us he had been a doctor. (说话时已经不再是医生)
He told us he had been a doctor for 20 years.(说话时，这种状态可能已经结束，也可能还要继续下去)
②在when, before, after, as soon as, until 等引导的时间状语中应注意：如果主从句的谓语动词的动作有明显的先后关系，则先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；如果强调主从句的谓语动词的动作发生的连续性，则都用一般过去时。
例 When we got to the railway station, the train had left.
【高考链接】
The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.(2002北京卷)
A. had cried; lost
B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost
D. cries; has lost
keyB
二）. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
①现在完成时只表示动作已经发生，是否还在继续并不重要；而现在完成进行时着重强调该动作还在继续之中，有时还强调动作的“反复”。
例Someone has phoned you.（打了）
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打)
【高考链接】
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004北京卷)
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
keyB
②现在完成时强调“事实”，而现在完成进行时则强调“动作”，并且常含有喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。
例The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day.(强调事实)
The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day.(含有对小男孩不满意的色彩)
③英语中某些动词，如 build, write, read, eat, tell, repair, paint, etc.若用于现在完成时，强调动作的“完成”；若用于现在完成进行时则表示“持续”。
例I have written a letter.(已经写好了)
I have been writing a letter.（还在写）
三）. 过去完成时与过去完成进行时的区别
过去完成时主要强调到过去某一时间动作已经完成，即“完成”；而过去完成进行时一方面说明到过去某一时间动作持续的时间长度，另一方面则强调动作还要继续下去，即“进行”。
【高考链接】
1．The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. (2004重庆卷)
A. were waiting B. had been waiting
C. had waited D. would wait
2．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in Beijing.(2003上海春考卷)
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
KeyBD
一是在高考命题中始终注重对时态的考查；
二是考查应变能力，不断变换新的语境；
三是考点有回归之势，以突出中学英语中主要的而且是常用的时态现象。
结合这三个特点，现将高考英语常用时态中的命题热点归纳如下。
一、时态热点
一）. 一般现在时
①某些表示起始、移动意义的动词，在口语中可以用一般现在时表示按规定、计划、安排要发生的动作。这类动词主要有：begin, start, go, come, leave, return, arrive, open, end, take off等。
例School begins the day after tomorrow.
②在see (to it)/make certain/make sure + that-clause句型结构中，其后的从句可以用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
例I’ll see(to it)/make sure/make certain (that) you don’t get lost.
③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
例 The man will have to wait all day unless the doctor works faster.
【高考链接】
1． It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment. (2004上海春考卷)
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
2． The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____ to eat more fruit and vitamins.(2004上海卷)
A. persuade B. will persuade
C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
3．---When will you come to see me, Dad?
---I will go to see you when you _____ the training course. (2003北京春考卷)
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. are finishing D. finish
keyC D D
二）. 现在进行时
①某些表示运动或位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示一般将来时。这类动词主要有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, dine, close, work, sleep, stay, take, play, do, have, wear等。
例 A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon.
【高考链接】
1. Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (2004浙江卷)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
2. I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2001北京春考卷)
A. am taking B. have taken
C. take D. will have taken
keyC A
②表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话的时候不一定正在进行；也可以表示某一动作的暂时性。
例I teach English at the Teachers’ College, but I’m now teaching in a middle school.
【高考链接】
1.I don’t really work here, I _____ until the new secretary arrives. （2001上海卷）
A. just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
2.---What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbors _____ for a party. (2004北京卷)
A. have prepared
B. are preparing
C. prepare
D. will prepare
keyC B
三）. 一般过去时
①可以用在It’s time/I wish/I’d rather + that-clause句型中,以及某些条件句中表示虚拟，这些句型描述的情况往往与现在事实相反。
例I wish you lived closer to us.
【高考链接】
How I wish every family _____ a large house with a beautiful garden! (2001上海春考卷)
A. has B. had
C. will have D. had had
keyB
②可以根据上下文的语境要求，使用一般过去时。
例---Long time to see！Haven’t you graduated from college?
---Yes. I studied English for four years in Nanjing.
【高考链接】
1. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m _____ half of it. (2004全国卷I)
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
2. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (2004江苏卷)
A. begin B. began
C. have begun D. had begun
keyDB
③在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
例 The WTO cannot live up to its name if it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
四）. 过去进行时
①表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有：leave, start, arrive, go, come等
例 Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next Saturday.
【高考链接】
---What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a shower.(2004天津卷)
A. had started B. started
C. have started D. was starting
key D
②句子中没有明确的时间状语，但上下文语境要求使用过去进行时。
例The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.
【高考链接】
1.---Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
---Where was I?
---Youyou didn’t like your father’s job. (2004北京春季卷)
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
2.---You were out when I dropped in at your house.
---Oh, I _____ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004福建卷)
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
keyC A
五）. 过去完成时
①某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think， intend, mean,want等。
例We had wanted to help you, but we were too busy to get away.
【高考链接】
I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so icy.(2004北京春考卷)
A. wouldn’t expect
B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected
D. wasn’t expected
keyC
②if, as if, if only, would rather, wish等引导的从句表示与过去事实相反时，从句中谓语动词要用过去完成时表示虚拟的情况。
例If he had got up earlier this morning, he would have caught the first train.
【高考链接】
1． Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _____ your advice. (2003上海春考卷)
A. followed B. would follow
C. had followed D. should follow
2． It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(2002上海卷)
A. wouldn’t have fallen
B. had not fallen
C. should fall
D. were to fall
KeyC B
③在 hardly(scarcely)…when…, no sooner…than…句型结构中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。意思为“一……就……”。
例Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.
【高考链接】
He _____ to the lab than he set out to the experiment. (1999上海卷)
A. has so sooner got
B. no sooner got
C. will no sooner get
D. had no sooner got
keyD
六）. 将来完成时
这种时态主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成，上下文情景中常含有by-短语，如：by six o’clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。
【高考链接】
The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006. (2004北京卷)
A. has been completed
B. has completed
C. will have been completed
D. will have completed
keyC
七）. 完成时态
在It is the first (second, etc.)time + that-clause 句型中的用法:当主句动词为 is/will be 时,从句谓语动词一律用现在完成时;当主句谓语动词为was时,从句谓语动词则用过去完成时。
例It was the second time I had been to Beijing.
二、几种易混时态的区别
一）. 一般过去时与过去完成时的区别
①在宾语从句中：当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时，但其意义具有明显差别。
试比较 He told us he was a doctor.(说话时仍为医生)
He told us he had been a doctor. (说话时已经不再是医生)
He told us he had been a doctor for 20 years.(说话时，这种状态可能已经结束，也可能还要继续下去)
②在when, before, after, as soon as, until 等引导的时间状语中应注意：如果主从句的谓语动词的动作有明显的先后关系，则先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；如果强调主从句的谓语动词的动作发生的连续性，则都用一般过去时。
例 When we got to the railway station, the train had left.
【高考链接】
The little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.(2002北京卷)
A. had cried; lost
B. cried; had lost
C. has cried; has lost
D. cries; has lost
keyB
二）. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
①现在完成时只表示动作已经发生，是否还在继续并不重要；而现在完成进行时着重强调该动作还在继续之中，有时还强调动作的“反复”。
例Someone has phoned you.（打了）
Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打)
【高考链接】
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004北京卷)
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
keyB
②现在完成时强调“事实”，而现在完成进行时则强调“动作”，并且常含有喜悦、愤怒、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。
例The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day.(强调事实)
The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day.(含有对小男孩不满意的色彩)
③英语中某些动词，如 build, write, read, eat, tell, repair, paint, etc.若用于现在完成时，强调动作的“完成”；若用于现在完成进行时则表示“持续”。
例I have written a letter.(已经写好了)
I have been writing a letter.（还在写）
三）. 过去完成时与过去完成进行时的区别
过去完成时主要强调到过去某一时间动作已经完成，即“完成”；而过去完成进行时一方面说明到过去某一时间动作持续的时间长度，另一方面则强调动作还要继续下去，即“进行”。
【高考链接】
1．The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. (2004重庆卷)
A. were waiting B. had been waiting
C. had waited D. would wait
2．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in Beijing.(2003上海春考卷)
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
KeyBD