A novel one-shot in-line digital holography based on Hilbert phase-shifting is proposed. By weakening the ratio of object wave to reference wave and applying natural logarithmized operation on the in-line digital hologram, the real part of object wave can be well extracted. Then utilizing Hilbert transform to digitally realize \Pi/2- phase shift, which would make it possible to reconstruct the object wavefront from a single-exposure in-line digital hologram. Preliminary experimental results are presented to confirm the proposed method. This technique can be used for real time imaging or monitoring moving objects.