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近十年来,日本家畜饲养业发展很快。其中牛的饲养头数约增加3倍,猪约增加5倍,蛋鸡约增加7倍。由此引起家畜粪尿的排泄量也成倍增多。据估算,目前日本每年家畜排出的排泄物约为7500万吨,其中奶牛粪便约为2543万吨,肉牛为1920万吨,猪为1640万吨,鸡为1365万吨。由于家畜排泄物不断增加,环境污染越来越严重,1970年这种危害达到高峰,曾被称为“畜产公害”。经过多年的治理,畜产业污染问题已得到一定程度的缓和,他们的治理途径主要从下面两方面来进行的。
In the past decade, Japan’s livestock husbandry industry has developed rapidly. Among them, the number of cattle raised about 3 times the number of pigs increased by about 5 times, about 7-fold increase in laying hens. As a result, excretion of livestock excretion has also doubled. It is estimated that there are currently about 75 million tons of livestock excreted in Japan each year, of which about 25.43 million tons of cow dung, 19.2 million tons of beef cattle, 16.4 million tons of pigs and 13.65 million tons of chicken. As livestock excretions continue to increase, environmental pollution is more serious, in 1970 the peak of this harm, once known as “livestock nuisance.” After many years of governance, the problems of livestock industry pollution have been alleviated to a certain extent. Their governance approaches are mainly from the following two aspects.