静脉血栓栓塞症是关节置换术后的常见并发症，它会显著降低关节置换手术的预期效果。目前预防方法主要有药物预防和机械预防。这两者预防血栓的效果确切，已被许多研究所证实，且研究表明两者联合作用具有更好的预防效果。该文拟对静脉血栓栓塞症各种预防方法的进展及各自的优势与缺陷进行综述，并试图通过患者血栓危险因素的分层介绍如何选择个体化、最优化的血栓预防策略。“,”Thromboembolism, a common complication after arthroplasty, can markedly weaken the efficacy of arthroplasty. At present,the preventive methods consist mainly of chemoprophylaxis and mechani-cal devices,which are demonstrated by many studies to have exact thromboembolism prophylaxis effect and the effect of the combination of the two methods is greater than a single application. Here is to make a review of the advantages,disadvantages and progress of all the preventive methods and to introduce how to select individualized and optimized prevention? strategy by risk stratification.