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为揭示不同类型土壤上施钾肥后钾在土壤中的淋失规律,本文通过土柱模拟试验研究了施钾肥条件下四川省4种典型土壤红壤、黄壤、酸紫土和碱紫土中的钾淋失量、土壤速效钾变化规律。结果表明,土壤类型和施肥量均显著影响土壤钾淋失率。在4种供试土壤中,酸紫土的钾淋失率最高(0.45%~52.91%),碱紫土钾淋失率很低(0.14%~0.74%)。除碱紫土外,3种土壤钾淋失率均随施钾量增加而升高。常规施钾量条件下钾淋失量很小,未淋失的钾在红壤、黄壤和酸紫土3种土壤中都主要以有效态存在,平均占施肥量81.0%,并且主要分布在0~10 cm土层,说明钾肥应作底肥一次施用,并且以适当深施为宜。本试验为科学施用钾肥提供理论依据。
In order to reveal the leaching of potassium from soils in different types of soils, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of potassium fertilizers on the activities of potassium in four typical soils of red soil, yellow soil, acid-purple soil and alkali-purple soil in Sichuan Province. Leaching loss, soil available potassium The results showed that both soil type and fertilizer application significantly affected soil potassium leaching rate. Among four tested soils, the rate of potassium leaching was the highest (0.45% ~ 52.91%) for acid-earth and the rate of potassium leaching was very low (0.14% ~ 0.74%) for alkali-purple soil. In addition to alkaline soil, the leaching rate of potassium in three soils increased with the increase of potassium application. Under the conventional application of potassium, the amount of potassium leaching was very small. The leached potassium existed mainly in the effective state in three kinds of soils, red soil, yellow soil and acid-purple soil, accounting for 81.0% of the total amount of fertilizer, and mainly distributed in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer, indicating that potassium fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer, and appropriate deep application is appropriate. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the scientific application of potash fertilizer.