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针对陇东旱塬烤烟生产中存在的因长期连作和施肥不合理引起的产量持续下降、品质不高以及病虫害严重等问题,通过在苗床期和大田移栽期采用根际施用生物有机肥,研究了根际营养调控对苗床期烟苗的生长、代谢和对苗床土微生物数量以及对烟叶产量的影响。结果表明:苗床期施用生物有机肥成苗速度快,叶片数提前达到移栽标准,最大叶叶面积和干重分别比对照增加28.9%和68.0%,地上部和根系干重分别比对照增加了191.9%和100.0%;总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加了161.5%、30.8%和290.2%;根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积以及脱氢酶活性分别比对照增加了69.1%、70.2%和70.0%。苗床土中微生物总数比对照增加了36.7%,并使细菌与真菌的数量比从1.54×104∶1增加至1.84×104∶1。施用生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加了23.2%和46.5%,中上等烟比例增加了16个百分点,纯收入增加了12363元hm-2。
Aiming at the problems of long-term continuous cropping and irrational fertilization in flue-cured tobacco production in Longdong, Longdong, the problems of low quality, serious pests and diseases, and the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the rhizosphere at seedling stage and field transplanting, The effects of rhizosphere nutrition on the growth and metabolism of tobacco seedlings at seedling stage, the amount of soil microbes in the seedbed and the yield of tobacco were studied. The results showed that the seedling application of bio-organic fertilizer at seedling stage was quick and the number of leaves reached the standard of transplanting ahead of schedule. The maximum leaf area and dry weight increased by 28.9% and 68.0% respectively compared with the control, and the dry weight of shoot and root increased by 191.9% and 100.0% respectively. The total root length, specific root length and root tip number increased by 161.5%, 30.8% and 290.2%, respectively. The total root absorption area, active absorption area and dehydrogenase activity increased by 69.1 %, 70.2% and 70.0%. The total number of microorganisms in soil increased by 36.7% compared with the control and the number ratio of bacteria to fungi increased from 1.54 × 104:1 to 1.84 × 104:1. The output and output value of bio-organic fertilizer application increased by 23.2% and 46.5% respectively compared with the control. The proportion of middle-high grade tobacco increased by 16% and the net income increased by 12,363 yuan hm-2.