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天然橡胶是植物所产生的最为重要的多聚物之一,是一种重要的战略原料,以天然橡胶为原料的工业制品多达40000以上。由于天然橡胶特殊的分子构造、巨大的分子量,以及含有来自胶乳的少量其它组分,使得该聚合物表现出极其优越的综合性能。在全世界为数2500种以上的产胶植物中,巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.)是商品天然橡胶的唯一来源。本文简要介绍天然橡胶最新的生产及消费动态,同时对橡胶遗传育种及可替代橡胶资源的研究现状作一综合评述。
Natural rubber is one of the most important polymers produced by plants. It is an important strategic raw material, with more than 40,000 industrial products made from natural rubber. Due to the special molecular structure of natural rubber, the huge molecular weight, and the small amount of other components from the latex, the polymer shows extremely superior overall properties. Of the more than 2,500 colloidal plants worldwide, Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. Is the only source of commercial natural rubber. This article briefly introduces the latest production and consumption dynamics of natural rubber, and gives a comprehensive review on the status quo of rubber genetic breeding and alternative rubber resources.