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文章从语用学的产生、发展角度,将后期维特根斯坦的“意义即使用”等、奥斯汀和塞尔的言语行为理论、格赖斯的会话含义理论与合作原则,以及威尔森与斯波伯的关联理论置于分析性语言哲学语境中,梳理语用学发展的基本路径,进一步剖析语用学目前所面临困境的原因。在此基础上指出,德国学者尤尔根·哈贝马斯以主体间性、文化间性为特征的交往行为理论或许是走出现有困境的有效途径。
From the point of view of the emergence and development of pragmatics, this paper analyzes the later meaning and use of Wittgenstein, the speech act theory of Austin and Searle, the theory of conversational implication and cooperation of Grice and the principle of cooperation between Wilson and Spohr Bo’s theory of relevance is placed in the context of analytical linguistic philosophy, combing the basic path of the development of pragmatics and further analyzing the reasons why pragmatics currently faces dilemmas. On this basis, it is pointed out that the theory of communicative behavior characterized by intersubjectivity and interculturality by German scholar Jurgen Habermas may be an effective way to get out of the predicament.