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目的:探讨早期不同压力高压氧(HBO)治疗中重度创伤性脑损伤(TBI)大鼠的疗效及磁共振变化特点。方法:健康清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠60只，采用随机数字表法分为TBI组、假手术组(Sham组，仅将颅骨开窗，不予头部打击)、0.15 MPa HBO组(在TBI组的基础上给予0.15 MPa HBO治疗)、0.25 MPa HBO组(在TBI组的基础上给予0.25 MPa HBO治疗)，每组15只。所有大鼠分别在术后第1天(D1)、第3天(D3)、第7天(D7)进行神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)；在磁共振DWI图像上显示高信号处取3个感兴趣区(ROI)，测量各点表观弥散系数(ADC)，比较病变侧与正常对侧ADC的比值，即相对ADC(rADC)。结果:在D1，各组大鼠不同ROI的rADC值比较差异均无统计学意义(n P>0.05)；在D3，0.15 MPa和0.25 MPa HBO组不同ROI的rADC值均低于TBI组(n P0.05)；在D1，TBI组、0.15 MPa和0.25 MPa HBO组大鼠mNSS差异无统计学意义(n P>0.05)，但均显著高于sham组(n P0.05). On D3, the rADC values of different ROIs in 0.15 MPa HBO and 0.25 MPa HBO groups were all lower than those in TBI group (n P0.05). (2) On D1, there was no significant difference in mNSS scores among TBI group, 0.15 MPa HBO group and 0.25 MPa HBO group (n P>0.05), but the mNSS scores of TBI group, 0.15 MPa HBO group and 0.25 MPa HBO group were all significantly higher than that of sham group (n P<0.05). On D3, the mNSS scores of 0.15 MPa HBO and 0.25 MPa HBO groups were all lower than that of TBI group (n P<0.05), but all higher than that of sham group (n P0.05). On D7, the scores of mNSS in 0.15 MPa HBO and 0.25 MPa HBO groups were all lower than that in TBI group (n P0.05).n Conclusion:There is definite curative effect of early HBO on moderate and severe TBI, but the pressure of HBO may not be the key factor in determining prognosis.