社会保障是人民应该享受的基本权利。它使人民至少享有最低生活水平,消除因灾害、年老、疾病、伤残及失业而引起的贫困,从而获得生活上的安全感,促进社会稳定发展。社会保障一般是由社会保险、社会福利和社会救济三个基本部分组成,其对象是社会的全体成员,而重点则是那些生存上发生困难的人群。社会保障问题是世界各国越来越关心和重视的问题,不论是在发达国家或是在发展中国家,其发展速度都是很快的,已逐渐成为各国政府干预经济和社会发展的重要手段,成为对国家和个人都极为有列的社会生活的必然需要。我国在过去的较长时期内,通过社会福利和社会救济来扶助贫困和补偿灾害损失,收到了一定效果。但是,这种缺乏竞争和活力的平均主义做法,难以适应当前经济体制改革的需要。在过去,农村中的 Social security is a basic right that people should enjoy. It enables people to enjoy at least a minimum standard of living and eliminate poverty caused by disasters, old age, illness, disability and unemployment, so as to obtain a sense of security in life and promote social stability and development. Social security generally consists of three basic components: social insurance, social welfare, and social relief. Its target is all members of society, and the focus is on those who have difficulties in their survival. The issue of social security is a matter of increasing concern and importance for all countries in the world. Whether in developed countries or in developing countries, the rate of development is rapid, and it has gradually become an important means for governments to interfere in economic and social development. It is an inevitable need for social life that is extremely high for both countries and individuals. In the past a long period of time, China has received certain results through social welfare and social assistance to help support poverty and compensate for disaster losses. However, such an egalitarian approach that lacks competition and vitality can hardly meet the needs of the current economic restructuring. In the past, in the countryside