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借用某一领域里已知的原理和技术,解决另一领域里的新问题而取得进展的方法叫做科学研究中的移植法。英国学者W·I·B·贝弗里奇认为“这也许是科学研究中最有效、最简便的方法,也是在应用研究中运用最多的方法”。移植法对于数学的发展有着突出作用,众所周知的例子是集合论的思想和方法对数学各个领域的深刻影响。移植以类比和联想为契机,因此移植并不总是成功的,尽管移植中真理和谬误参半,但我们仍不应将“移植法”拒之门外,这是因为在解决问题时无论用什么方法都免不了要“试一试”,何况“重大的科学成果有时来自移植”。
The method of using the known principles and techniques in a certain field to solve new problems in another field and make progress is called transplantation in scientific research. The British scholar W.I.B. Beveridge believes that “this may be the most effective and easiest method in scientific research and the most used method in applied research.” The transplantation method has a prominent role in the development of mathematics. Well-known examples are the profound effects of the theory and method of set theory on various fields of mathematics. Transplantation uses analogy and association as an opportunity. Therefore, transplantation is not always successful. Although the truth and errors in transplantation are mixed, we still should not reject the “transplantation law” because it is not necessary to solve problems. All methods are inevitably “tested”, not to mention “a major scientific achievement sometimes comes from transplantation.”