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在黑龙江省白浆土高中低肥力区设置水稻氮肥用量、施用次数及比例的田间小区试验,研究不同施氮方式对白浆土水稻产量效益及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明,氮肥对水稻生长发育具有显著的影响。与氮肥一次性基施相比,采用适宜的氮肥用量与施肥方式水稻平均增产8.9%,增收1356元hm-2,增加农学效率5.1 kg kg-1。从水稻产量、效益及氮肥偏生产力和农学效率等方面综合考虑,白浆土水稻高产高效的氮肥施用方式是:在满足磷钾肥的基础上,中低肥力区氮肥用量应控制在130～165 kg hm-2,高肥力区氮肥用量应不超过130 kg hm-2,氮肥施用方式为40%N基肥+40%N分蘖肥+20%N穗肥三次施用。
A field plot experiment was conducted to determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, the number and proportion of rice in BaiZhi soil high-middle and low fertility area in Heilongjiang Province. The effects of different nitrogen application methods on the yield and fertilizer efficiency of paddy soil were studied. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the growth and development of rice. Compared with the one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer, the average yield of rice was increased by 8.9% and the yield was 1356 yuan hm-2, and the agronomic efficiency was increased by 5.1 kg kg-1 with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization method. Based on comprehensive consideration of rice yield, benefit, partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and agronomic efficiency, high yield and high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer for albacore paddy soil is that on the basis of meeting the requirements of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in middle and low fertility areas should be controlled at 130-165 kg hm-2. The nitrogen application rate in high fertility area should not exceed 130 kg hm-2. The application mode of nitrogen fertilizer is 40% N basal fertilizer + 40% N tillering fertilizer + 20% N spike fertilizer three times.