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为明确深耕培肥对瘠薄黑土的改土效果,采用大田对比方法,以依安地区黑土为供试土壤,开展深耕培肥对瘠薄黑土土壤理化性质影响及对大豆产量的调查研究。结果表明:深耕培肥可以有效降低>10~30 cm土层土壤容重、硬度,提高土壤通气性,容重第1年和第2年分别下降0.09 g cm~(-3)和0.05 g cm~(-3),通气系数分别提高为34.01×10~(-5) cm s~(-1)和10.89×10~(-5) cm s~(-1),10 cm以下土层土壤硬度与对照相比呈明显下降趋势;同时,深耕培肥后>20~30 cm土层有效磷含量显著提高,两年增加幅度为15.05~16.23 mg kg~(-1);深耕培肥可以提高土壤速效钾含量,增加幅度为10.19~10.38 mg kg~(-1);并且深耕培肥提高了大豆产量,两年平均提高大豆产量达9.61%。
In order to clarify the effects of deeply plowing and fertilizing soil improvement on infertile black soil, a field comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil fertility and fertilization on physical and chemical properties of soils in barren black soil and soybean yield. The results showed that deep plowing and fertilization could effectively reduce soil bulk density and hardness and soil aeration of> 10 ~ 30 cm soil layer, decrease 0.09 g cm ~ (-3) and 0.05 g cm ~ (-1) in the first year and the second year respectively, -3 and the aeration coefficient increased to 34.01 × 10 -5 cm s -1 and 10.89 × 10 -5 cm s -1, While the photosynthesis showed a declining trend. At the same time, the available phosphorus content of 20 ~ 30 cm soil layer after deep plowing and fertilizing increased significantly, increasing by 15.05 ~ 16.23 mg kg ~ (-1) for two years. The increase ranged from 10.19 mg / kg to 10.38 mg kg -1. In addition, deep plowing and fertilization increased soybean yield by 9.61% on average in two years.