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为研究真空二极管阴极表面场致发射模型的算法及数值模拟参数对场致发射过程的影响,建立了计算阴极表面电场强度的有限差分近似模型和高斯定理模型,并基于高斯定理模型自行编程对不同间隙距离的二极管进行模拟计算。模拟得到了场致发射过程中阴极表面电场随时间的演变特性及阴极表面稳态电场与外加电场之间的关系,还将阴极表面稳态电场的模拟结果与理论分析结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,空间网格划分数目的多寡对基于高斯定理场致发射模型计算得到的阴极表面电场的影响不大;每个宏电子包含真实电子的数目、二极管间隙距离、二极管外加电场强度等参数均会对数值模拟结果产生显著影响。
In order to study the algorithm of the field emission model of the cathode surface of the vacuum diode and the influence of the numerical simulation parameters on the field emission process, a finite difference approximation model and a Gauss theorem model for calculating the electric field intensity of the cathode surface are established. Based on the Gaussian theorem model, The gap distance of the diode is simulated. The evolution of the electric field over the cathode surface during the field emission and the relationship between the steady-state electric field and the applied electric field are obtained. The simulation results of the steady-state electric field at the cathode surface are also compared with those of the theoretical analysis. The results show that the number of spatial grids has little effect on the electric field of the cathode surface calculated based on the field emission model of Gauss theorem. Each macroelectron contains the number of real electrons, the distance of diode gap, the applied electric field strength of diode and other parameters Will have a significant impact on numerical simulation results.