目的探讨三阴性乳腺癌患者的临床病理特点、分子生物学特性、生存率以及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析44例三阴性乳腺癌患者的病历资料,分析其临床病理特点、分子生物学指标和各种治疗方式对生存的影响。结果全组44例患者均为女性,占同期收治乳腺癌患者的7.0%,中位年龄49岁(35~82岁)。其中,浸润性导管癌31例(70.5%),单纯癌6例(13.6%),髓样癌3例(6.8%),管状腺癌2例(4.5%),导管内癌2例(4.5%)。Ⅰ期患者6例(13.6%),Ⅱ期19例(43.2%),Ⅲ期17例(38.6%),Ⅳ期2例(4.5%)。核分级Ⅰ级6例(13.6%),Ⅱ级15例(34.1%),Ⅲ级23例(52.3%)。伴有脉管瘤栓22例(50%),伴有神经浸润10例(22.7%)。中位生存时间4.0年(1.5~8.5年)。单因素分析结果显示,影响总生存的因素为肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、临床分期、脉管瘤栓和神经浸润。多因素分析结果显示,肿瘤大小和淋巴结状态是影响预后的独立因素。3年总生存率是66.7%。结论三阴性乳腺癌发病率较低,组织学分级较高,多为浸润性导管癌,易较早出现复发和转移。影响总生存的因素为肿瘤大小、淋巴结状态、临床分期、脉管瘤栓和神经浸润,其中影响预后的独立因素是肿瘤大小和淋巴结状态。 Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, molecular biological characteristics, survival rate and prognostic factors of triple negative breast cancer patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of 44 cases of triple negative breast cancer patient data, analysis of its clinical and pathological features, molecular biological indicators and various treatment methods on the survival. Results All 44 patients were female, accounting for 7.0% of patients with breast cancer in the same period. The median age was 49 years (35-82 years). The invasive ductal carcinoma in 31 cases (70.5%), simple carcinoma in 6 cases (13.6%), medullary carcinoma in 3 cases (6.8%), tubular adenocarcinoma in 2 cases (4.5%), ductal carcinoma in 2 cases ). Six patients (13.6%) in stage I, 19 (43.2%) in stage II, 17 (38.6%) in stage III and 2 (4.5%) in stage IV. Nuclear grade Ⅰ in 6 cases (13.6%), Ⅱ grade in 15 cases (34.1%), Ⅲ grade in 23 cases (52.3%). Twenty-two patients (50%) accompanied with vascular tumor thrombus and 10 patients (22.7%) had nerve invasion. The median survival time 4.0 years (1.5 ~ 8.5 years). Univariate analysis showed that the factors influencing overall survival were tumor size, lymph node status, clinical stage, vascular tumor thrombus and nerve infiltration. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size and lymph node status were independent prognostic factors. The 3-year overall survival rate was 66.7%. Conclusions The incidence of triple-negative breast cancer is low, histological grade higher, mostly invasive ductal carcinoma, easy to relapse and metastasis earlier. The factors influencing the overall survival were tumor size, lymph node status, clinical stage, vascular tumor thrombus and nerve infiltration. The independent factors influencing the prognosis were tumor size and lymph node status.