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宋代民间力量或通过举办私家义学和书院资助士子,或通过向官方贡士庄捐助钱财、参与官办贡士的管理、直接举办贡士庄等方式积极参与贡士活动,扩大社会影响。南宋时期,以士人为核心的民间力量还独立组成“义约”组织,在参加科考方面进行互勉互助,并在此过程中完善了筹资、资助、资金管理等方面的规章制度,通过强化参与者义务与责任,实现了士人自己集资创建、自我管理、独立运行的新机制,探索出民间贡士的新模式,成为民间力量构建社会关系的一种崭新尝试。义约组织的出现是士人经济独立性、团体凝聚力增强的标志。
Civilian power in Song Dynasty actively participated in Gongzhu activities such as sponsoring scholarship by private scholarship and academy or by donating money to official Gongzhuang Zhuang, participating in the administration of government officials, and directly sponsoring Gong Shizhuang so as to expand social influence. During the Southern Song Dynasty, non-governmental forces with scholars as the core also independently formed “Righteousness ” organizations, mutual participation and mutual assistance in the participation in scientific research, and in the process of improving the financing, funding, financial management and other aspects of rules and regulations, By strengthening participant obligations and responsibilities, the scholars have realized a new mechanism of raising their own funds, establishing themselves, running independently and exploring new models of non-governmental tribunals. This has become a brand-new attempt by non-governmental forces to build social relations. The emergence of Yiyao organizations is a sign of the economic independence of the intellectuals and the enhancement of group cohesion.