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目的：了解皮肤鳞癌和基底细胞癌中ｐ５３及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）的表达，探讨其与肿瘤分化、恶性程度及预后的关系。方法：用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测５１例鳞癌及５２例基底细胞癌中ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ的阳性表达。结果：皮肤鳞癌中ｐ５３积聚率为４３．１％（２２／５１），其中高分化与中等分化、低分化鳞癌之间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＣＮＡ均有不同程度表达，高分化及中分化鳞癌中ＰＣＮＡ＞５０％者７例（７／４０），差分化鳞癌中，ＰＣＮＡ＞５０％者８例（８／１１），差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。基底细胞癌中ｐ５３积聚率仅１．９％（１／５２），ＰＣＮＡ均有表达，分化型与未分化型差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ｐ５３基因突变在皮肤鳞癌中发生频率高，而基底细胞癌中少见。ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ在鳞癌中过度表达与肿瘤的分化有关，可能成为判断皮肤鳞癌恶性程度、预后的客观指标之一。
Objective: To investigate the expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin and to explore its relationship with tumor differentiation, malignancy and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the positive expression of p53 and PCNA in 51 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 52 cases of basal cell carcinoma. RESULTS: The rate of p53 accumulation was 43.1% (22/51) in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. There was a significant difference between well-differentiated and moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (P<0.01). PCNA was expressed in different degrees. 7 cases (7/40) with PCNA >50% in well-differentiated and moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, and 8 cases (8/11) with PCNA >50% in differential squamous cell carcinomas. There were significant differences. Sex (P<0.01). The rate of p53 accumulation in basal cell carcinoma was only 1.9% (1/52), and PCNA was expressed. There was no significant difference between differentiated and undifferentiated types (P>0.05). Conclusion: The p53 gene mutation has a high frequency in skin squamous cell carcinoma and is rare in basal cell carcinoma. The overexpression of p53 and PCNA in squamous cell carcinoma is related to the differentiation of tumors, and may be one of the objective indicators to judge the malignancy and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.