Peptide stapling with the retention of double native side-chains

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All-hydrocarbon stapling strategy has been widely applied for enhancing the proteolytic stability of pep-tides. However, two major technical hurdles to some extent limit the development of stapled peptides for therapeutic usage: rational selection of the stapling sites and the corresponding deletion of the na-tive side chains. Previously we described the development of the olefin-terminated amino acids with the retention of native side chains and successfully applied them in the synthesis of hydrocarbon stapled peptides with single side-chain retention. Here, we explored the feasibility and effectiveness of hydro-carbon stapling strategy characterized as double side-chains retention. Modeled after a lengthy human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) fusion inhibitor SC34EK, Leui, Seri+4 and Lysi, Leui+4 stapled peptides with the retention of double side-chains were effectively obtained. Our complementary study provided a convenient alternative to address where to install the staple in sequence for conventional all-hydrocarbon peptide stapling. Furthermore, this method not only conferred conformational reinforcement for SC34EK with high α-helicity and protease resistance, but also preserved the structural characteristic (key pe-ripheral residues, charge and solubility) of the linear peptide to the maximum, which are crucial for anti-HIV-1 activity.
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