悼词在西方古典修辞学中属于“炫耀式”文类,旨在为逝者歌功颂德,使其永垂不朽。然而德里达认为这种将逝者“归类”的做法,抹煞了逝者的个体性,宣布了逝者作为个体的二次死亡。德里达的巴特悼词通过运用开放、支离破碎的话语和转喻,试图打破这种封闭的话语空间。尽管他想方设法冲破语言的牢笼,但最终还是难以避免地留下了修辞的痕迹。 Eulogy belongs to “show style ” genre in western classical rhetoric. It aims to praise the dead and make it immortal. However, Derrida believes that this practice of “classifying” the deceased eradicates the individuality of the deceased and declares the second death of the deceased as an individual. The echoes of Derrida’s Barthes attempt to break this closed discourse by using open, fragmented discourse and metonymy. Although he managed to break the language cage, it eventually failed to avoid leaving traces of rhetoric.