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Compared to a scalar pressure sensor,a vector sensor can provide a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)signal and more detailed information on the sound field.Study on vector sensors and their applications have become a hot topic.Research on the representation of a vector field is highly relevant for extending the scope of vector sensor technology.This paper discusses the range-frequency distribution of the vector field due to a broadband acoustic source moving in a shallow-water waveguide as the self noise of a surface ship,and the vector extension of the waveguide impulse response measured over a limited frequency range using an active source of known waveform.From theory analysis and numerical simulation,the range-frequency representation of a vector field exhibits an interference structure qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding pressure field but,being quantitatively different,provides additional information on the waveguide,especially through the vertical component.For the range-frequency representation,physical quantities that can better exhibit the interference characteristics of the waveguide are the products of pressure and particle velocity and of the pressure and pressure gradient.An image processing method to effectively detect and isolate the individual striations from an interference structure was reviewed briefly.The representation of the vector impulse response was discussed according to two different measurement systems,also known as particle velocity and pressure gradient.The vector impulse response representation can not only provide additional information from pressure only but even more than that of the range-frequency representation.