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蚜虫是有机桃园早期的主要害虫类群,为研究蚜虫与天敌的互作关系及生态调控措施,在基地内设计了地表种植大蒜+覆盖地膜、种植100%紫花苜蓿和70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草3种生态调控模式,调查昆虫群落的变化,分析蚜虫的主要天敌及生态调控措施的效果。结果表明,桃蚜、桃粉蚜和桃瘤蚜的主要天敌分别为龟纹瓢虫、小花蝽和七星瓢虫。蚜虫数量与益害比呈显著负相关关系。与对照处理相比,种植100%紫花苜蓿处理小区和种植70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草处理小区,益害比和天敌群落均匀度指数均显著升高,蚜虫总体数量显著降低。果园种植100%紫花苜蓿可以有效降低桃蚜数量;种植70%紫花苜蓿+30%夏至草可以有效降低桃蚜、桃粉蚜、桃瘤蚜3种蚜虫的种群数量。
In order to study the interaction between aphids and natural enemies and ecological control measures, aphids were designed to cover the surface with garlic and plastic film, planted 100% alfalfa and 70% alfalfa + 30% summer solstice Grass three kinds of ecological control mode to investigate the changes of insect communities, the main natural enemies of aphids and ecological control measures. The results showed that the main natural enemies of Myzus persicae, Myzus persicae and Myzus persicae were Propylaea japonica, Mycelium stinkbug and Coccinella septempunctata. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of aphids and the benefit-harm ratio. Compared with the control, 100% alfalfa plotted community and 70% alfalfa plot + 30% summer solstice grass plot were planted, and the ratio of benefit to harm and the community evenness index of natural enemies were significantly increased, and the population of aphids significantly decreased. Orchard planting 100% alfalfa can effectively reduce the number of aphids; planting 70% alfalfa + 30% of summer solstice can effectively reduce the population of aphids, peach aphids, peach aphids population.