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一、前言 在六十年代以前,厄尔尼诺这个术语是专指发生于赤道东太平洋上的大尺度海水增暖现象;而南方涛动则被用来说明热带洋面上东西向的大尺度气压变化。自从Bjerknes发现了海洋学上的厄尔尼诺现象和气象学里的南方涛动有着密切的相关之后,人们才把这种大尺度的海气相互作用现象总称为厄尔尼诺/南方涛动现象。从此,揭开了持续多年而盛行不衰的“热带海洋与全球大气”研究的序幕。
I. INTRODUCTION Before the 1960s, the term El Niño specifically referred to the large-scale warming of the sea water that took place in the eastern equatorial Pacific; and the Southern Oscillation was used to illustrate the east-west large-scale pressure changes on the tropical ocean surface. Since Bjerknes discovered that there is a close correlation between the El Niño phenomenon in oceanography and the Southern Oscillation in meteorology, the phenomenon of large-scale air-ocean interaction is collectively referred to as El Niño / Southern Oscillation. Since then, the prelude to the study of “tropical oceans and the global atmosphere”, which has been flourishing for many years, has been opened.