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目的了解金华市禽类职业暴露人群及外环境中禽流感病毒的感染现状,探讨禽流感防控工作方向。方法2015年选择金华市4类场所,采集40份职业暴露人群血清和625份外环境标本,马雪球血凝抑制试验(HI)检测H5N1、H5N6、H7N9抗体,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测禽流感病毒特异性核酸。结果 40份职业暴露人群血清中H5N1抗体阳性标本5份,H7N9抗体阳性标本2份;环境标本中流感病毒总阳性率为27.52%,H5、H7、H9型高致病性禽流感病毒阳性率为1.60%、9.90%、19.20%。流感病毒检测阳性率冬季存在高峰;且在城乡活禽市场(55.59%)、宰杀加工器具涂抹物(55.29%)和宰杀加工清洗污水(54.72%)中较高;鸭源标本检测率(39.51%)高于鸡源标本(21.91%)和鸽源标本(26.09%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金华市禽流感病毒检出率较高,存在人感染风险,应加强禽市场监管。
Objective To understand the status quo of avian influenza among poultry occupations and external environment in Jinhua City and to discuss the prevention and control of avian influenza. Methods Four kinds of venues were selected in Jinhua City in 2015. 40 serum samples of occupational exposure and 625 environmental samples were collected. H5N1, H5N6 and H7N9 antibodies were detected by horse blood clot inhibition test (HI) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR Nucleic acid. Results Serum H5N1 antibody positive samples (5 copies) and H7N9 antibody positive samples (2 copies) were detected in 40 occupational exposure groups. The total positive rate of influenza virus in environmental samples was 27.52%. The positive rates of H5, H7 and H9 HPAI were 1.60%, 9.90%, 19.20%. The prevalence rate of influenza virus in winter peaked, and it was higher in the living market of urban and rural areas (55.59%), the amount of slaughtered processing instruments (55.29%) and slaughter and processing sewage (54.72%), the detection rate of duck samples (39.51% ) Was higher than that of chicken (21.91%) and pigeon (26.09%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of avian influenza virus in Jinhua City is high, and there is a risk of human infection. Therefore, supervision on the poultry market should be strengthened.