静脉血栓形成的早期诊断、治疗和预防虽有许多改进,但肺栓塞仍然是一个棘手且易致命的问题。在美国,每年约有5万～10万人以上死于肺检塞,目前对其处理仍存有争论。对一个深静脉血栓形成的新病人,首要问题是究竟选择传统的抗凝治疗,还是用新血栓溶解剂或外科手术。过去通常选用的血栓清除术因术后复发率高而逐渐被放弃,但对重度髂股静脉血栓形成伴血检性静脉炎者,最近仍有学者采用外科血栓清除术。一些病人采用暂时的远端动静脉血管瘘可减少血栓再形成。急性深静脉血栓形成的抗凝治疗与血栓溶解治疗已有许多比较研究。静脉造影已显示肝素对防止血栓发展 Although there are many improvements in the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism remains a thorny and fatal problem. In the United States, about 50,000 to 100,000 people die of pulmonary plugs each year and there are still controversies about their treatment. For a new patient with deep venous thrombosis, the primary question is whether to choose a traditional anticoagulant therapy or to use a new thrombolytic agent or surgery. In the past, thrombectomy, which was usually used in the past, was gradually abandoned due to the high recurrence rate. However, there are still some scholars who have used surgical thrombectomy recently for patients with severe iliac vein thrombosis and blood phlebitis. Some patients with temporary distal arteriovenous fistula can reduce thrombosis. There have been many comparative studies of anticoagulant therapy for acute DVT and thrombolytic therapy. Venography has shown that heparin prevents thrombus development