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关节软骨属结缔组织,起源于胚胎时期中胚层的间充质,随着间充质细胞数量的增多,在粘附分子的作用下聚集形成肢体雏形[1]。其中大多数的间充质细胞分化为类圆形的软骨细胞,在SOX9和其他转录因子的作用下启动特征性的基因程序,分泌丰富的Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖。随后关节软骨模型中心的软骨细胞,停止增殖开始肥大化,改变其基因程序而分泌Ⅹ型胶原。同时肥大软骨细胞完成募集破软骨细胞,在血管内皮生长因子及其他因子的作用下诱导生成血管,调
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue that originates from mesenchyme of mesoderm during embryogenesis. As the number of mesenchymal cells increases, it accumulates to form limbs under the action of adhesion molecules [1]. Most of these mesenchymal cells differentiate into round-shaped cartilage cells, triggering characteristic gene programs under the action of SOX9 and other transcription factors, secreting abundant type II collagen and proteoglycan. Subsequent chondrocytes in the center of the articular cartilage model stopped proliferating and began to hypertrophy, changing its gene program to secrete type X collagen. At the same time, hypertrophic chondrocytes are recruited to raise chondrocytes and induce the formation of blood vessels under the action of vascular endothelial growth factor and other factors