目的了解海南省高疟区上山夜宿人群的疟防知识、态度及行为(KAP),为采取有效控制措施提供科学依据。方法 2009年4月在南桥地区用分层整群随机抽样方法选定调查点,对有上山夜宿居民疟疾防治、态度及行为进行个案问卷调查,结果采用统计分析。结果走访问卷调查上山夜宿人数257人,不了解疟疾者占12.8%(33/257),不知道疟疾传播途径者占43.6%(112/257)。通过对疟防知识掌握程度打分,进行分层(好、中、差),发现好、中和差层人群上山住宿使用蚊帐者分别为68.2%、25.7%和21.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。上山夜宿人群的疟防知识与其年龄和文化程度有关(P<0.01)。结论海南省南桥地区上山夜宿人群疟防态度和行为与其掌握的疟防知识多少有关,在高疟区反复开展疟防宣传教育工作有重要意义。 Objective To understand the malaria prevention knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) in mountainous night-shelter populations in high malaria endemic areas in Hainan Province, and provide a scientific basis for effective control measures. Methods In April 2009, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the survey sites in Nanqiao area. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the malaria control, attitudes and behaviors of overnight residents in Shangshan, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results There were 257 people who visited the mountain overnight, 12.8% did not know about malaria (33/257), and 43.6% did not know the route of malaria transmission (112/257). Through the mastery degree of malaria prevention knowledge, stratification (good, middle and poor), found that poor, moderate and poor people stay up to use mosquito nets were 68.2%, 25.7% and 21.7%, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.01). Knowledge of malaria prevention in overnight mountain people was related to their age and educational level (P <0.01). Conclusion The attitude and behavior of malaria prevention in night-time overnight population in Nanqiao, Hainan Province are related to the knowledge of malaria prevention. It is of great significance to conduct repeated malaria prevention and education work in high malaria area.