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在观人的方法与旨趣上,孟子与孔子有着颇大的差异。这种现象,来源于孔、孟之际儒家道德学说的拓展演变:一方面,对于道德的探讨愈发内化、精密;另一方面,气论哲学被纳入儒家思孟一系的学说中,形成“以气论德”的思路,直接影响了孟子观人时的思路和判断。本文进而指出,就学术渊源而论,孟子的气论与黄老道家的抟气术有着密切的关联,然而出于一名儒者的立场,孟子又对其进行了改造。二者间的同异,折射出战国时期各家思想交融碰撞的宏大思想史画面。
Mencius and Confucius are quite different in their methods and interests. This phenomenon comes from the expansion and evolution of Confucianism in Confucianism and Confucianism. On the one hand, the exploration of morality becomes more and more internalized and sophisticated; on the other hand, the philosophy of qi is incorporated into the doctrine of Confucianism, The idea of “taking morality as morality” was formed, which directly influenced the way of thinking and judgment of Mencius. This paper further points out that in terms of academic origin, Mencius’s theory of Qi is closely related to the Huangdao Taoism, but for a Confucianist position, Mencius reformed it. The similarities and differences between the two reflect the grand history of history in which the various schools of thought in the Warring States period collide with each other.