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一、与胡昌暖同志商榷指数计算问题读了《价格理论与实践》1990年第7期刊登的胡昌暖同志写的《论表现价格总水平的价格指数的科学性》一文(以下简称胡文),很受启发。但我们发现,文中有几处不够准确,现提出商榷,以求教于同行们。 (一) 年度物价指数是各月指数加权计算所得而不是算术平均。胡文开头写道:“现行全国零售价格总指数,每年的数值是将每个月与上年同期相比得到1～12月的指数再算术平均后得出来的。”这种提法是不准确的。全国全年零售物价总指数是由国家统计局将全年12个月的全国汇总价格资料,以所调查商品各月消费结构作为权数,第一次加权,计算出每种商品全年的全国平均价格和个体指数,然后根据各种商品的权数第二次加权计算出全国类指数和总指数。由于某商品在各月的实际消费量各不相同,特别是蔬菜类、鲜果类、水产品类等商品,随着季节的变化上市量变
I. Discussion with Hu Changwen on the calculation of index calculations The article “Commenting on the scientificity of the price index for the performance of the general price level” written by Comrade Hu Changwen published in the 7th issue of Price Theory and Practice (1990) (Text), very inspired. However, we have found that there are several parts of the text that are not accurate enough. We are now asking questions to seek advice from our colleagues. (a) The annual price index is a weighted calculation of each month’s index rather than an arithmetic average. Hu Wen started by writing: “The current national retail price index, the annual value, is obtained by averaging the monthly average of the index for the period from January to December compared with the same period of last year.” It is inaccurate. The national total retail price index is calculated by the National Bureau of Statistics for the 12 months of the country’s total price data for the entire year, and the monthly consumption structure of the surveyed goods as the weights. The weights are calculated for the first time. The average price and individual index are then weighted the second time in accordance with the weights of various commodities to calculate the national index and the overall index. Since the actual consumption of a product varies from month to month, especially for vegetables, fresh fruit, aquatic products, etc.