短缺作为许多社会主义国家的共有现象,不但影响生产力的发展,也影响生产关系的各个方面。虽然,我国在经济体制改革开始后,短缺状况有了一定缓解,但远未达到令人满意的程度。从长期来看,短缺、特别是能源、运输和某些原材料的短缺在我国还将长期存在,其主要原因是:1、原材料、能源工业和其它基础设施部门的劳动生产率的增长受资源、环 Shortage, as a common phenomenon in many socialist countries, affects not only the development of productive forces but also all aspects of production relations. Although China’s economic system reforms have begun to ease, the shortage has not been satisfactory. In the long term, shortages, especially energy, transportation, and shortages of certain raw materials will continue to exist in our country for a long time. The main reasons are as follows: 1. The growth of labor productivity in raw materials, energy industry and other infrastructure sectors is affected by resources and