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目的探讨麻醉患者医院感染的临床特征,为临床医院感染的防治提供指导。方法回顾性分析2012年1月-2014年12月689例行麻醉手术治疗患者的临床资料,统计医院感染率、感染部位分布、病原菌种类及感染相关因素;采用SPSS 12.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 689例患者发生医院感染42例,医院感染率6.10%;医院感染部位以呼吸道和手术部位感染为主,分别占69.05%和19.05%;42例感染患者中共分离出42株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌27株占64.29%,革兰阳性菌12株占28.57%,真菌3株占7.14%;排名前3位的病原菌依次为铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,分别占38.10%、21.43%和14.29%;相关因素分析显示,年龄、麻醉方式、麻醉时间、是否使用呼吸机和预防使用抗菌药物与医院感染的发生具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论呼吸道和手术部位是麻醉患者医院感染的主要部位,感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且医院感染与多种因素有关。
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of nosocomial nosocomial infection in anesthetized patients and provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infections. Methods The clinical data of 689 patients undergoing routine anesthesia for surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The hospital infection rate, the distribution of infection site, the types of pathogens and the related factors of infection were calculated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 software. Results Among the 689 patients, 42 were hospital-acquired nosocomial infections and 6.10% were hospital-acquired infections. Nosocomial infections were mainly respiratory and surgical sites, accounting for 69.05% and 19.05% respectively. Of the 42 infected patients, 42 were isolated, of which Gram 27 strains of negative bacteria accounted for 64.29%, 12 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.57% and 3 strains of fungi accounted for 7.14%. The top three pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Respectively, accounting for 38.10%, 21.43% and 14.29% respectively. Correlation analysis showed that age, anesthesia time, anesthesia time, ventilator use and prophylactic use of antibacterials were associated with nosocomial infections (P <0.05). Conclusion The respiratory tract and surgical site are the main parts of nosocomial infections in patients with nosocomial infections. Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing infection, and nosocomial infections are related to many factors.