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目的探讨住院患者非发酵革兰阴性杆菌感染的临床特征,为感染治疗及预防控制提供实验依据。方法对2013年1月至2014年12月住院患者感染的非发酵革兰阴性杆菌进行回顾性分析。结果共分离非发酵革兰阴性杆菌1 595株,占总检出率的16.96%。感染部位以下呼吸道为主(63.95%),其次是伤口创面(11.03%)和上呼吸道(10.53%)。主要检出菌是铜绿假单胞菌(41.25%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(28.90%)和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(15.60%)。鲍曼不动杆菌耐药严重,耐药率低于30%的药物仅有多黏菌素B(1.08%)、阿米卡星(28.20%)和亚胺培南(29.07%);铜绿假单胞菌耐药率较高的药物有头孢曲松(98.02%)、头孢噻肟(88.30%)和复方新诺明(60.94%),对其他监测药物均较敏感。结论铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌是非发酵菌常见菌种,以呼吸道感染为主,存在不同程度耐药性,应加强耐药菌监测,指导临床合理用药。
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli in hospitalized patients and provide experimental evidence for infection treatment and prevention and control. Methods Infectious non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli from January 2013 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 1 595 non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli were isolated, accounting for 16.96% of the total. The main respiratory tract (63.95%) was below the site of infection, followed by wounds (11.03%) and upper respiratory tract (10.53%). The main pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.25%), Acinetobacter baumannii (28.90%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (15.60%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most resistant drug with only drug resistant rates of less than 30%, including polymyxin B (1.08%), amikacin (28.20%) and imipenem (29.07%); patina Ceftriaxone (98.02%), cefotaxime (88.30%) and cotrimoxazole (60.94%) were more sensitive to other drugs tested. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are common strains of non-fermentative bacteria. Respiratory infections are the main cause of this disease. Drug resistance exists to some extent. Monitoring of drug-resistant bacteria should be strengthened to guide clinical reasonable Medication.