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目的调查上海部分综合医院和精神卫生中心自杀未遂者的自杀行为特征和相关因素,为制定自杀预防及干预措施提供依据。方法使用自编的自杀未遂者调查登记表对就诊于急诊和门诊的自杀未遂者进行调查,数据输入SPSS统一分析。结果 363例自杀未遂者中女性245(67%)与男性118(33%)的比例为2:1。平均年龄33±16.8岁,以青壮年为主。自杀方式:摄入药物或其他化学物质最常见(71%),其次是坠楼和割腕(各6%)。其他方法(占16.5%)为:煤气(14例),自缢(11例),溺水(11例),酒精过量(27例)。38.4%的个案符合精神科临床诊断,最常见为抑郁症和精神分裂症。结论自杀未遂女性明显多于男性;年龄以青壮年为主。就业问题和经济情况是导致自杀行为的主要因素。38.4%的自杀未遂者符合精神科诊断,建议在综合医院急诊提供精神科服务。
Objective To investigate the suicide behaviors and related factors of suicides in some general hospitals and mental health centers in Shanghai and provide the basis for suicide prevention and intervention. Methods A self-made suicide attempt questionnaire was used to investigate the attempted suicide in emergency and outpatients. The data were input into the SPSS unified analysis. Results The ratio of 245 (67%) females to 118 (33%) females in 363 suicides was 2: 1. The average age of 33 ± 16.8 years old, mainly young adults. Suicide patterns: Ingestion of drugs or other chemicals was most common (71%), followed by falls and wrist cuts (6% each). Other methods (16.5%) were: gas (14 cases), boils (11 cases), drowning (11 cases) and alcoholism (27 cases). 38.4% of cases met the psychiatric clinical diagnosis, the most common being depression and schizophrenia. Conclusion Female suicide attempt is obviously more than male; the age is mainly young and middle-aged. Employment problems and economic conditions are the major factors leading to suicidal behavior. 38.4% of those attempted suicide met the psychiatric diagnosis and proposed to provide psychiatric services in the general hospital emergency department.