论文部分内容阅读
(一)“自從一八四○年的鴉片戰爭以後,中國一步一步地變成了一個半殖民地半封建的社會。”(註一) 當時反動统治者清廷雖然投降了,但廣大人民百年來反對帝國主義及反對媚外官僚的思想情緒却逐漸普遍於全國。較開明的士大夫階層受到環境的刺激漸漸形成了接近民族资產階級的改良主義思想,而反動統治階級爲了媚外和鎭壓人民的英勇鬥爭,實行了會國藩李鸿章等一批新官僚的‘船堅砲利’政策,搞起了所謂‘洋務運動’,他們以爲如此,即可維持反動的統治。他們的‘功續’是出賣了民族利益,替帝國主義開闢了更平坦的道路,想靠借外債來滋補,而把國家的關稅、鐵路、礦場等作了抵押品;他們所倡的‘官督商瓣’的工業和交通事業成爲了民間資本自由
(1) “Since the Opium War of 1840, China has gradually transformed itself into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.” (Note 1) Although the reactionary rulers of the Qing Dynasty surrendered the Qing government, the broad masses of the people opposed the Empire The ideological sentiments of the pro-imperialist and pro-foreign bureaucrats have gradually become widespread throughout the country. More enlightened family doctor’s class stimulated by the environment gradually formed a reformist ideology close to the national bourgeoisie, and the reactionary ruling class in order to fawn and suppress the people’s heroic struggle, the implementation of a number of new civil servants Li Hongzhang bureaucracy ’boat firm Cannon Lee ’policy, launched the so-called’ Westernization Movement ’, they think so, to maintain the reactionary rule. Their “moral succession” has betrayed the interests of the nation, opened up a more smooth road to imperialism and tried to nourish it by borrowing from foreign debts. As a result, the tariffs, railroads and mines of the country were pledged. Their advocacy of ’ The government and merchants’ petitions for industry and transport have become the capital of private capital