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目的了解长寿老人的遗传表型指标分布和长寿家族史。方法入户收集245位长寿老人的家族长寿史、健康与疾病史、女性的妊娠和生育史等,同时进行体格检查。采用 SPSS软件进行数量性状表型的相关分析和显著性检验。结果 1.长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标分布特征:245位长寿老人年龄范围90岁～104岁,平均年龄(95±4.9)岁,心率平均78次/分,血压平均(85～146)mmHg,身高较矮平均为143cm,WHR0.89,牙齿失落数约90%。女性长寿者平均育有子女4人,末次妊娠年龄平均在41岁。2.长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标的两两相关分析:共计对9项指标进行了 Pearson 相关系数(R~2)两两指标的相关计算。其中年龄增长与牙齿失落数有极其显著的相关性(R~2=0.18,P<0.01),收缩压和舒张压有极显著的相关性(R~2=0.66,P<0.01),身高与牙齿失落数有显著的负相关(R~2=0.16,P<0.05)。年龄增长与女性末次妊娠年龄有极其显著性相关(R~2=0.35,P<0.01)。女性末次妊娠年龄与收缩压(R~2=0.16,P<0.05)、女性末次妊娠年龄与牙齿失落数(R~2=0.44,P<0.05)、女性末次妊娠年龄与生育子女数(R~2=0.35,P<0.01)均有显著性相关。WHR 和身高(R~2=0.14,P<0.05)与收缩血压和身高(R~2=0.24,P<0.01)均呈显著的负相关。3.有无长寿家族史对长寿老人遗传特征和表型指标影响按有否长寿家族史将长寿老人分为2组,有长寿父/母组,无长寿父/母组分别计算各组长寿老人的表型指标后进行比较分析。两组数值 t 检验,除心率数有显著性差别(P<0.05)之外,其余各项指标均未见有显著性差别。4.长寿者家庭长寿现象分析:同时对245户有>90岁长寿老人的家庭进行长寿家族史询问,长寿老人家庭中每户现有人口5～20人属多元家系。这些家庭世居当地,无外来迁入迁出史。对90岁以上老人有长寿家族史者进行分析,其中祖父寿命超过70岁的占29%,祖母寿命>70岁者占38%,他们父母寿命>70岁者分别为41%和37%。结论长寿有明显的遗传倾向,如家族聚集性的特点;其次是女性末次妊娠和生育子女人数与长寿有强相关性。
Objective To understand the distribution of genetic phenotypes and the family history of longevity in the elderly with longevity. Methods Households collected 245 longevity old people’s family longevity history, health and disease history, women’s pregnancy and birth history, etc., and also performed physical examination. SPSS software was used for correlation analysis and significance test of quantitative trait phenotypes. Results 1. Distribution characteristics of genetic characteristics and phenotypic indexes of longevity elderly: 245 longevity elderly age range 90 to 104 years old, average age (95±4.9) years, heart rate 78 beats/min, average blood pressure (85-146) mmHg The average height was 143cm, WHR0.89, and the number of missing teeth was about 90%. Female longevity persons have an average of 4 children, and the average age of the last gestation is 41 years old. Two pairs of long-lived elderly genetic characteristics and phenotypic indicators of the correlation analysis: a total of 9 indicators Pearson correlation coefficient (R ~ 2) two pairs of indicators related calculations. There was an extremely significant correlation between age and tooth loss (R~2=0.18, P<0.01). There was a significant correlation between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (R~2=0.66, P<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between missing teeth (R~2=0.16, P<0.05). The increase in age was significantly associated with the age of women in the last gestation (R~2=0.35, P<0.01). Age and systolic blood pressure of women in the last gestation (R~2=0.16, P<0.05), age and tooth loss in women last year (R~2=0.44, P<0.05), women’s last gestational age and number of children (R~ 2 = 0.35, P <0.01) all have significant correlation. WHR and height (R~2=0.14, P<0.05) were significantly negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and height (R~2=0.24, P<0.01). 3 whether there is longevity family history on longevity elderly genetic traits and phenotypic indicators of whether longevity family history will longevity elderly divided into 2 groups, longevity father / mother group, no longevity father / mother group calculated longevity elderly The phenotypic indicators were compared after analysis. The two groups of t-tests showed no significant differences except for the significant differences in heart rate (P<0.05). 4. Longevity Family Longevity Phenomenon Analysis: At the same time, the family history of 245 households with >90 years old longevity elderly were asked for family history of longevity, and the current population of each family with longevity old people was 5 to 20 people. These families lived in the local area and had no history of moving in and out of the country. For those over 90 years old who have family history of longevity, the grandfather’s life expectancy exceeds 70 years old accounted for 29%, grandmother’s life expectancy> 70 years old accounted for 38%, and their parents’ life expectancy> 70 years old were 41% and 37% respectively. Conclusions Longevity has obvious genetic tendency, such as the characteristics of family clustering; secondly, there is a strong correlation between the number of women’s last pregnancy and the number of children born and their longevity.