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目的了解马鞍山市售食品中化学性污染物的污染状况,为逐步建立食品化学性污染监测和预警系统,制定监管和控制措施提供科学依据。方法按国家《化学性污染物及有害因素监测工作手册》要求进行分层抽样,抽取13类食品,1 078份样品。对食品添加剂、重金属、农药残留、乳制品中黄曲霉素M1等项目,共2 304个指标进行检测并根据数据类型进行χ2或秩和检验比较数据之间的差异,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2010年重金属超标率从高到低分别为:油炸类食品(42.86%)、肉类(26.67%)、食用菌(20.00%)、蔬菜(13.3%)和水产品(6.67%),2011年重金属超标率从高到低分别为:蔬菜(26.67%)、食用菌(10.00%)、肉类(6.67)和粮食(1.86),超标的重金属主要是铅、镉、汞、铝;2010年检测的蜜饯类、炒货类、酒类和腌菜类食品添加剂超标率分别为20.00%、10.00%、6.67%、6.25%,超标添加剂种类为亚硝酸盐、二氧化硫、糖精钠和甜蜜素,2011年未检测到食品添加剂超标情况;2011年农药残留检出率和超标率(2.22%、0.00%)均较2010年(7.69%、1.29%)有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义,检出的农药均为拟除虫菊酯类;乳制品中黄曲霉素M1含量符合国家标准,但2010年较2011年含量(0.046ng/g,0.131ng/g)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);溴酸钾,瘦肉精,苏丹红等非法添加物在两年抽查中均未检出。结论食品生产经营过程中的化学污染物及有害因素超标仍是马鞍山市食品安全的主要问题之一,其中黄曲霉素M1和非法添加状况显示较好;食品添加剂超标和农药残留有下降趋势,应保持对其监测;食品中重金属残留超标需高度重视,并采取综合性防控措施。
Objective To understand the pollution status of chemical contaminants in the foodstuffs sold in the market of Ma’anshan and to provide a scientific basis for the establishment of the monitoring and early warning system for food chemical contamination and the formulation of regulatory and control measures. Methods According to the national “Chemical Contaminants and Hazardous Factors Monitoring Manual” to carry out stratified sampling, sampling 13 categories of food, 1 078 samples. A total of 2 304 indexes of food additives, heavy metals, pesticide residues, and aflatoxin M1 in dairy products were detected and the data were compared by χ2 or rank sum test according to the data type. P <0.05 was the difference Statistical significance. Results The over-standard rates of heavy metals in 2010 were: fried foods (42.86%), meat (26.67%), edible fungi (20.00%), vegetables (13.3%) and aquatic products (6.67%), 2011 The annual heavy metal exceeded the standard from high to low were: vegetables (26.67%), edible fungi (10.00%), meat (6.67) and food (1.86), excessive heavy metals mainly lead, cadmium, mercury, aluminum; The over-standard rates of candied fruits, roasted seeds, wines and pickles were 20.00%, 10.00%, 6.67% and 6.25%, respectively. The types of excessive additives were nitrite, sulfur dioxide, sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate. No detection of excessive food additives; In 2011, the detection rate of pesticide residues and excessive rate (2.22%, 0.00%) than in 2010 (7.69%, 1.29%) have a downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant The content of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products conformed to the national standard, but the content in 2010 was 0.046ng / g, 0.131ng / g, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01); Potassium bromate, lean meat extract, Sudan red and other illegal additives were not detected in the two-year random checks. Conclusions The excessive chemical pollutants and harmful factors in the process of food production and management are still one of the main problems in food safety in Ma’anshan City. Among them, aflatoxin M1 and illegally added pesticides show better performance; the food additives exceed the standard and the pesticide residues have a downward trend, Should be kept under its monitoring; heavy metal residues in food should be given high priority, and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.