轮状病毒是全球婴幼儿严重腹泻的主要病原体,以6月龄～2岁的患儿病情最重,而新生儿感染后常无症状,这可能与母亲抗体的保护作用有关。轮状病毒的两种表面蛋白“P”和“G”能诱导型特异性中和抗体,具有重要的免疫学作用。目前已发现多种不同的轮状病毒变异株,在欧洲和美国,以P[4]G2或P[8]与G1、G3、G4结合的基因型为主, Rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. The most serious condition is in children aged 6 months to 2 years old, and the symptoms are often asymptomatic after neonatal infection, which may be related to the protective effect of maternal antibodies. Rotavirus two surface proteins “P” and “G” can induce type specific neutralizing antibodies, has important immunological effects. A number of different rotavirus variants have been found in Europe and the United States, with P [4] G2 or P [8] binding to G1, G3, and G4,