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Approximately,1.6% of all infants born in the United States are conceived using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).With the growing rise of ART,questions have been raised about the utility of varicocele repair.While the ability ofa microsurgical varicocele repair to improve semen parameters has been established,there remains no standard definition as to what constitutes significant improvements in semen parameters following varicocele repair.The majority of trials have observed enhanced parameters (specifically concentration and motility) as well as increased fertility.