0引言葡萄和苹果是山东省乃至全国具有优势的特色产业之一,特别是山东省烟台地区,苹果享誉海内外,种植面积在18.7万hm~2(280多万亩)。近年来,随着葡萄酿酒行业的迅猛发展,葡萄种植业也迅猛发展,其种植面积已在3.3万多hm~2(50多万亩),成为世界知名的葡萄及葡萄酒生产黄金海岸线。苹果、葡萄等果业种植面积的扩大,产量的提高,不仅丰富了市场,而且也明显增加了农民的收入。但与之不相适应的是,苹果、葡萄等果业生产管理技术却十分落后,大多数生产作业环节基本依赖人工来完成,机械化程度较低,果园生产 0 Introduction Grapes and apples are one of the special industries with advantages in Shandong Province and the whole country. Especially in Yantai, Shandong Province, Apple enjoys a good reputation both at home and abroad with an acreage of 187,000 hm ~ 2 (more than 2.8 million mu). In recent years, with the rapid development of the grape wine industry, the grape growing industry has also developed rapidly. Its planting area has grown to more than 33,000 hm ~ 2 (over 500,000 mu) and has become a world famous gold coastline for grape and wine production. The expansion of the acreage of cultivation of fruits such as apples and grapes and the increase of output have not only enriched the market but also significantly increased the incomes of peasants. However, it is incompatible with the fact that apple, grape and other fruit production management techniques are very backward. Most production operations basically rely on manual work to be completed, and the degree of mechanization is low. Orchard production