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一、韩国的概况 韩国面积10万平方公里(朝鲜22万平方公里),是多山地区,人口3900万人(全朝鲜6449万人)山地加高原占3/4左右,森林面积占73％,南韩自然资源是贫乏的,全部是朝鲜族人。 由于资源贫乏,60年代开始实行“出口第一”的政策,利用国外资源。如:中国、美国的煤,澳大利亚、巴西的铁矿砂,发展钢铁工业,制成小汽车,轮船等机器产品再出口;利用东南亚以及中国的坯布再加工或印染布出口等等。同时依靠进出原料和国内当时廉价的劳动力大力发展各种加工工业,从而大大加快了经济发展速度。 60年代国民生产总值年递增8.7％,70年代国民生产总值年递增10.8％。1982年进口243亿美元,出口219亿美元。 1966年～1980年累计逆差253亿美元,这一现象至今仍然存在。1993年上半年对外贸
I. Overview of South Korea The area of South Korea is 100,000 square kilometers (Korean 220,000 square kilometers). It is a mountainous region with a population of 39 million people (64.49 million people in North Korea). The mountains and plateaus account for about 3/4, and the forest area accounts for 73%. South Korea’s natural resources are poor, and all of them are Koreans. Due to the lack of resources, the “export-first” policy was implemented in the 1960s and foreign resources were used. Such as: China, the United States coal, Australia, Brazil iron ore, the development of the iron and steel industry, made of cars, ships and other machinery products re-export; use of Southeast Asia and China’s gray fabric reprocessing or printing and dyeing cloth exports and so on. At the same time, relying on import and export of raw materials and domestic cheap labor to develop various processing industries, which greatly accelerated the pace of economic development. The GNP increased by 8.7% in the 1960s, and the GNP increased by 10.8% in the 1970s. In 1982, it imported 24.3 billion U.S. dollars and exported 21.9 billion U.S. dollars. The cumulative deficit from 1966 to 1980 was 25.3 billion U.S. dollars. This phenomenon still exists today. In the first half of 1993 to foreign trade