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日本学者三上章在《象鼻长》一书中主张日语典型句子的基本关系是“题述关系”,主题“Ⅹ”担任着两种角色。首先它是句子主题,和句尾呼应,统辖全局,从而达到完成句子的目的;其次是与句中的局部成分保持语义关系。前者是“Ⅹ”的本职工作,后者则是它的兼职工作。“Ⅹ”的兼职工作具体地讲就是它可以代行等格成分的功能。汉语的主题是怎样的情况呢? 上世纪五十年代,在我国语法学界,关于下列句子的划线成分是主语还是宾语问题发生过一场大辩论。 杨柳的丰姿便在烟雾里也能辨得出。(《荷塘 月色》朱自清) 新砌的石级窄窄的,搁不下整脚。(《语文》高 中第一册)
Japanese scholars in the last chapter in the book “Trinidad and Tobago” advocate that the basic relationship between Japanese typical sentences is the “subject relationship,” theme “X” serves two roles. First of all, it is the subject of the sentence, echoing the end of the sentence, governing the overall situation so as to achieve the purpose of completing the sentence. Secondly, maintaining the semantic relationship with the local components of the sentence. The former is “Ⅹ” own job, the latter is its part-time job. The part-time work of “X” is specifically the function that it can take on the elements of a line. What is the theme of Chinese? In the 1950s, there was a big debate in our country’s grammar community about whether the following elements of the line were subject or object. Yangzi Fengzi posture can be identified in the smoke. (“Lotus Pond Moonlight” Zhu Ziqing) Newly-built stone level is narrow and can not be put on the whole foot. (“Language” High School first volume)