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为评价麦稻水旱轮作二熟制双免耕的土壤培肥作用,采用常规测定法、比重计法、Biology-ECO法分别对参试的土壤养分、质地、微生物功能多样性等进行检测。结果表明,与传统耕作相比,连续4年冬小麦-水稻全免耕轮作后,0～40cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷含量分别增加11.9%、17.1%、9.2%、26.5%、19.1%,全钾、速效钾含量分别减少0.9%、10.2%,0～20cm土层的土壤粘粒、砂粒比例明显增加,粉粒比例明显减少。免耕冬小麦成熟期的土壤微生物功能多样性代谢活性显著高于传统耕作。0～20和20～40cm土壤层次内反映微生物功能多样性的4种指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、丰富度和Simpson优势度指数)在冬小麦整个生长季节中的变化趋于一致,即在分蘖期和拔节期传统耕作高于连续4年免耕处理,在灌浆期和成熟期连续4年免耕处理高于传统耕作处理。连续4年免耕0～40cm土壤肥力明显优于连续3年双免耕的肥力。免耕对提高土壤肥力,尤其是对促进冬小麦中、后期生长有利。
In order to evaluate the effect of two-tillage two-tillage on soil fertility in wheat-wheat rotation rotation, the soil nutrient, texture and microbial functional diversity of the tested soil were tested by the conventional method, the hydrometer method and the Biology-ECO method. The results showed that the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0-40 cm soil layer increased by 11.9%, 17.1% and 9.2%, respectively, after four years of continuous non-tillage rotation of winter wheat- 26.5%, 19.1%, total potassium and available potassium decreased by 0.9%, 10.2% and 0-20 cm respectively. The proportion of clay and sand in soil increased obviously and the proportion of powder and grain decreased obviously. The metabolic activities of soil microbial diversity in the no-tillage winter wheat were significantly higher than those in the conventional tillage. The four indices (Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index, richness and Simpson dominance index) reflecting the functional diversity of micro-organisms in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers tended to be consistent in the whole growth season of winter wheat, That is, the traditional tillage at tillering stage and jointing stage was higher than that of no-tillage treatment for 4 consecutive years. No-tillage treatment was higher than traditional tillage treatment for 4 years at filling stage and maturity stage. The soil fertility of no-tillage 0-40 cm for 4 consecutive years was significantly better than that of the no-tillage for 3 consecutive years. No-tillage is good for improving soil fertility, especially for promoting mid and late growth of winter wheat.